ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El linfoma tiroideo (LT) es una neoplasia infrecuente(menos del 1 por ciento de linfomas y menos del 2 por ciento de neoplasias tiroideas). Su incidencia es mayoritaria en mujeres, entre 60 y 75 años. La tiroiditis de Hashimoto es un importante factor de riesgo. El objetivo es destacar la importancia del estudio precoz del bocio rápidamente progresivo. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Hombre de 63 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo crónico activo e hipotiroidismo por tiroiditis de Hashimoto sin tratamiento, consultó por aumento de volumen cervical anterior progresivo, asociado a disfonía, disfagia y disnea, de tres meses de evolución. Ecografía cervical evidenció bocio multinodular difuso de predominio izquierdo. Se decidió intentar tiroidectomía total, constatándose gran tumor duro, extendido a nivel infraparatiroideo, con adherencia marcada a laringe, tráquea, vasos y tejido muscular, que no se pudo extirpar completamente. Biopsia compatible con Linfoma no Hodgkin difuso de células grandes B, tipo centro germinal. Se decidió traslado a centro de referencia para manejo por especialista. DISCUSIÓN: El LT se presenta clínicamente de forma similar a otras neoplasias tiroideas con bocio rápidamente progresivo y sintomatología compresiva. Es importante considerar su asociación con tiroiditis de Hashimoto, pese a que es improbable que ésta evolucione a linfoma (0,1 por ciento), se encuentra en la mayoría de los casos de LT (80 a 90 por ciento); ambas patologías son infrecuentes en hombres.
INTRODUCTION: Thyroid lymphoma (LT) is a rare neoplasm; it represents less than 1 percent of lymphomas and less than 2 percent of thyroid neoplasms. It occurs mainly in women between 60 and 75 years. Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an important risk factor. The aim is to illustrate the importance of early study of rapidly enlarging goiter. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old male with a history of arterial hypertension, chronic active smoking and untreated hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, consulted by progressive cervical volume increase, associated with dysphonia, dysphagia and dyspnea, with three months of duration. Cervical ultrasound showed diffuse multinodular goiter with left predominance. It was decided to try a total thyroidectomy, which confirmed a large and indurated tumor, spread to infra-parathyroid level, with strong adherence to larynx, trachea, blood vessels and muscle tissue, which could not be completely removed. Biopsy was compatible with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, germinal center type. It was decided to transfer the patient to a referral center for handling by a specialist. DISCUSSION: Thyroid Lymphoma presents clinical similarities to other thyroid malignancies with rapidly enlarging goiter and compression symptoms such as dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, dysphonia, headache, facial and upper extremities edema; in case of suspicion a biopsy is required. The association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is very important, although it is unlikely to evolve lymphoma (0.1 percent), is present in most cases of LT (80 to 90 percent). Both conditions are rare in men. Surgical treatment is usually associated with chemotherapy with or without local radiotherapy.